domingo, 7 de enero de 2018

Gingivitis

La gingivitis, es la etapa inicial de la enfermedad de las encías y la más fácil de tratar. La causa directa es la placa bacteriana: una película suave, pegajosa y sin color formada por bacterias, que se deposita constantemente sobre los dientes y encías.

Si el cepillado y el uso diario del hilo dental no eliminan la placa, la misma produce toxinas, que irritan el tejido gingival, causando gingivitis. En esta primera etapa de la enfermedad, el daño puede revertirse, ya que el hueso y los tejidos que sostienen los dientes no han sido afectados. Sin embargo, si se deja sin tratamiento, la gingivitis puede transformarse en periodontitis y provocar daños permanentes.

Los signos y síntomas clásicos de la gingivitis son las encías rojas, hinchadas y sensibles que pueden sangrar cuando se cepillan. Otro signo de enfermedad en las encías es que las mismas han retrocedido de los dientes, confiriéndole a sus dientes una apariencia alargada. La enfermedad de las encías puede provocar la formación de bolsas entre dientes y encías donde se junta la placa bacteriana y restos de comida. Algunas personas pueden experimentar mal aliento o mal gusto recurrentes aun cuando la enfermedad no esté avanzada.



FACTORES AGRAVANTES

Además de las tendencias genéticas que presenta cada persona, hay una serie de factores agravantes. Algunos pueden controlarse, como el tabaquismo o la falta de vitamina C o B3. Sin embargo, hay otros factores más difíciles de cambiar:

Los cambios hormonales durante el embarazo (gingivitis durante el embarazo), la menopausia o el uso de anticonceptivos orales.

Algunos tratamientos inmunosupresores y para la epilepsia.

Ciertas enfermedades sistémicas como la diabetes, la leucemia o el sida.

Las coronas o las restauraciones dentales mal hechas.

La colocación de los dientes. Cuando las prótesis no ajustan bien, es complicado eliminar la placa con el cepillado.

El tabaco debilita las encías. El humo del tabaco cambia la respuesta del organismo a los ataques de las bacterias responsables de las enfermedades de las encías. El riesgo de desarrollar gingivitis y posteriormente periodontitis aumenta con el tabaquismo durante todo el tiempo en que el paciente fuma. Por lo tanto, cuanto más tiempo se fuma, más probable es desarrollar enfermedad de las encías o periodontitis. Por el contrario, el riesgo disminuye tan pronto como se deja de fumar.

1 comentario:

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